|
AUTO START. (Limiter)
| 1. |
Power on. |
| 2. |
Inverter on if necessary. |
| 3. |
Fuel on. |
| 4. |
Fuel pump / pumps on. |
| 5. |
Condition lever forward to detent. |
| 6. |
Propeller in feather position. |
| 7. |
Throttle in idle position. |
| 8. |
Press start.
Best to keep hand on condition lever in case of overtemp. |
| 9. |
Carefully monitor the ITT for increasing temp, do not exceed 710. Rate of increase is
important. If over temp occurs, pull condition lever to shut
off position. |
| 10. |
Make sure N1 (Compressor rpm) increases to at least 60%. If not, forward
throttle slightly and monitor ITT. |
| 11. |
After N1 and ITT
stabilize, switch on generator. |
| 12. |
Check oil and fuel
pressure. |
| 13. |
Forward prop to
full fine pitch. |
Autostart with Push Button (EHT)
| 1. |
Fuel On |
| 2. |
Power on. |
| 3. |
Fuel pump on. |
| 4. |
Throttle to Idle. |
| 5. |
Prop to Feather. |
| 6. |
Condition Lever to Run
position. |
| 7. |
Press Start, keeping a
hand on the fuel condition lever, and be ready to cut the fuel in case
of over temp. |
| 8. |
As the turbine lights,
press the EHT button + - two seconds and carefully monitor the ITT. When
the ITT slows down or tends to stabilize, release the button to increase
the ITT and N1. Repeat this by keeping the ITT between 580 oC and 650 oC. The further into the start, the more abrupt
and sensitive the EHT will become. |
| 9. |
Make sure N1
(Compressor RPM) increases to at least 60%. If not, advance the
throttle slightly and monitor the ITT. |
| 10. |
After N1 and ITT have
stabilized, switch the generator on. |
| 11. |
Check oil and fuel
pressure. |
| 12. |
Advance
the Prop to full fine. |
Recommended
Practices
It is good practice to start the turbine
with headsets off. A possible over temp can be heard quicker than
the ITT gauge can display it.
CAUTION
Keep one hand on the Condition Lever and be
ready to cut as the button will not prevent an over temp if the
throttle is partly open, the batteries are low, or there is high
outside temperature and / or elevation. If there is a high turbine
temperature (over 150 °C) before starting, a wind from the rear, a
blockage of the air intakes, or the ISOL valve is in the ISOL mode,
these may also cause an over temp.
Important
Notice
If the ITT exceeds 735 oC and
no more than 800 oC, the turbine must be inspected for
damage. (Borescope)
If ITT exceeds 800 oC, the
turbine must be dismantled for inspection and a possible change of
all compressor turbine blades.
To continue operation after an over
temp
could cause a catastrophic failure!
Cold Cycle (motor)
| 1. |
Master switch on |
| 2. |
Fuel on |
| 3. |
Fuel pump ON |
| 4. |
Throttle to idle |
| 5. |
Prop to Feather |
| 6. |
Condition lever in shut off position |
| 7. |
Turn the Motor switch on and carefully
monitor the 20-second Motor sequence. |
NOTE
If aircraft batteries are used during the
Cold Cycle without a GPU, it is possible to worsen the problem by
depleting the batteries.
It is possible to cold cycle the turbine
for five to eight seconds and abort by switching the Master off.
This will save the battery power and should reduce the turbine
temperature enough for a successful start.
IF THE
TURBINE TENDS TO OVER TEMP DURING START,
THE PROBLEMS COULD BE:
| 1. |
Batteries
insufficient power. |
| 2. |
Limiter not working
(electrical). |
| 3. |
Throttle linkage
adjustment incorrect, FCU lever has to be on "0" degree. |
| 4. |
Adjustment on FCU. |
| 5. |
High
elevation. |
| 6. |
High outside
temp. |
| 7. |
Strong wind from
rear of aircraft. Turn into wind. |
| 8. |
If ITT is 150
°C and over, cold cycle turbine to cool off before
attempting a start. |
MANUAL
START
| 1. |
Power
on. |
| 2. |
Inverter on if
necessary. |
| 3. |
Fuel
on. |
| 4. |
Fuel pump / pumps
on. |
| 5. |
Condition lever in
shut off position. |
| 6. |
Prop in feather
position. |
| 7. |
Throttle in idle
position. |
| 8. |
ISOL valve on (emergency throttle system). |
| 9. |
Press
start. |
| 10. |
Monitor N1 (compressor rpm). When N1 reaches 16 / 18%, feed fuel in by
forwarding condition lever, it could be necessary to forward
almost to ident position to light. Once turbine has lit, reduce
fuel by pulling condition lever towards shut off position not to exceed
620 / 680. Keep adding fuel by forwarding condition lever till
such time as the N1 reaches 60 / 63 %. |
| 11. |
At 60 / 63 % N1
make sure throttle is in idle position and switch ISOL off (normal
position). |
| 12. |
Monitor oil
pressure, fuel pressure, ITT, N1 and torque. |
| 13. |
Generator
on. |
| 14. |
Forward prop lever
to full fine pitch. |
NOTE
If starter generator
is fitted with the standard timer LUN 2601-01, it will engage for 20
seconds. It is necessary to try to achieve 60 / 63 % N1 before
starter disengages to minimize an over temp. At anytime if there is a
possibility or over temp, pull the condition lever to a shut off
position.
It is also important
to achieve 60 / 63 % N1 before switching ISOL valve off. A slight
bump (compressor stall) will be heard, this is normal. The lower
the N1 is to 60 / 63 % the more abrupt the change over from ISOL to normal
mode will be.
TAXIING
Taxiing can be done
in beta range or feather. When taxiing in feather with low clearance
propellers, the propeller blades tend to sweep the taxiway lifting dirt
and stones into the air intake.
TAKE
OFF
Make sure the prop
has come out of beta range and stabilized before adding power. (Adding power whilst the transition is taking place from beta to normal
mode will result in an over speed of the prop stretching the blades on the
power turbine wheel leading to possible failure.)
Add power gently to
achieve the necessary take off power. Monitor the ITT, N1, N2 and
torque.
Max ITT take off on
calibrated Czech gauges 8 OHM 710C. It has been found that some
American gauges read low by as much as 50 °C.
Max
Take-off power 1 minute
ITT
710
Max
Max N2/Np 2080 rpm
Max torque 105% +- 132 PSI if using oil pressure
gauge.
MAX
Continuous
ITT
690
N1/Ng
98.2%
N2/Np
1850 - 2080 rpm
Torque
100% +/- 128 PSI
TYPICAL CRUISE Power Setting
ITT
660
N1/Ng
97.5
N2/Np
1700 - 1850 rpm
Torque
90%
MAX REVERSE Thrust
ITT
710
N1/Ng
99%
N2/Np
2000 rpm
SHUT DOWN
| 1. |
Throttle
idle. |
| 2. |
Prop feather for 60
seconds. |
| 3. |
Electric's off
except inverter and battery. |
| 4. |
Condition lever to
shut off position. |
| 5. |
Inverter and master
off. (A good time to check engine oil is soon after shut down.) |
WHEN AND
HOW TO USE THE ISOLATING VALVE (ISOL/ EMERGENCY CIRCUIT) IN FLIGHT
In flight, if a
reduction in torque and an increasing ITT occurs, the probable cause would be
mechanical. The ISOL will not work and suggest
landing.
If a reduction in
torque, N1, and/or ITT occurs and adding of power does not make a change
there is a probable problem with the FCU (Fuel Control Unit). Reduce power to idle (throttle) make sure the condition lever is in the ident position
+/- 1/3
forward, select ISOL valve and use condition lever as
throttle.
To come out of
ISOL, make sure the throttle is in idle position. Bring
condition lever to the ident position +/- 1/3 forward and select off on the
ISOL valve switch. The throttle can now be forwarded to the
necessary power setting.
STARTING
LIMITATIONS
|
Minimum ambient air
temperature for starting engines without their preheating |
-20°C |
|
Maximum inter turbine temperature during
starting from an external power source |
700°C |
|
Maximum inter turbine temperature during starting from aircraft batteries
|
735°C |
|
Minimum generator speed
after spin up of the engine by the starter |
18 % |
|
Maximum altitude for
engine restarting in flight |
13,000 ft |
|
Maximum number of engine
starting (turning) attempts from an external power source
following at 3 minute intervals |
5 |
|
The next attempt can be
made after one hour. |
|
|
Voltage of external power
source during starting (no load) |
20 to 31 V |
|
Allowable voltage drop of
aircraft power supply during the initial phase of starting (not over
4 seconds) |
min. 14 V |
|
Maximum
number of starts attempts from aircraft batteries (3 minute intervals) |
5 |
FUEL SYSTEM
Maximum flight altitude in case of all fuel pumps
failure
13,000 ft
OIL
SYSTEM
The engine can be lubricated exclusively with the
following oils:
|
Aeroshell Turbine Oil 500 |
|
|
Aeroshell Turbine Oil 555 |
|
|
Aeroshell Turbine Oil 560 |
|
|
Mobil Jet Oil 11 |
|
|
BP Turbo Oil 2380 |
|
|
Castrol 599 |
|
|
Minimum oil quantity in
engine |
5.5 L |
|
Maximum oil quantity in
engine |
7 L |
|
Minimum oil temperature during
starting |
-
12 C |
|
Maximum oil temperature for engine acceleration and
normal
engine operation |
85 C |
|
Minimum oil temperature for engine acceleration and
normal
engine operation |
20 C |
|
Maximum oil
consumption |
0.1
L / h |
Minimum permissible oil
pressure
| N1/Ng
60% |
(17 PSI) |
0.12 MPa (1.2 kp/cm2) |
| N1/Ng 80 -
101.5% |
(26 PSI) |
0.18 MPa (1.8 kp/cm2) |
| Maximum permissible oil
pressure |
(39 PSI) |
0.27 MPa (2.7 kp/cm2) |
Note
For oil temperatures range 20 - 55 C oil pressure can be higher by 43 PSI
(0.03 MPa) (0.3 kp/cm2). Increase of oil pressure to max.
50PSI (0.35 MPa) (0.3 kp/cm2) is permitted for short time during starting
at temperatures below 0 °C.
Short-term oil pressure drop
to
zero 10
seconds
OTHER LIMITATIONS
IMPOSED BY THE POWER PLANT
- Bleed Air for aircraft systems
Air bleed ducts must not be opened with the engine
operating at maximum take-off power or at emergency
power.
With air bleed on the gas
temperature (ITT) will rise by approximately 30 °C. It is therefore
necessary to set the engine operating parameters after the bleed air has been
opened so that the maximum inter turbine temperature (ITT) shall not be
exceeded.
Reverse thrust may only be used
during landing after touch-down. It is forbidden to use beta or
reverse thrust in flight.
ELECTRIC SYSTEM
Normal voltage in DC
system 27
to 29.0 V
Maximum load of generator in
flight
200 A
Maximum load of generator on ground (30 min
maximum)
100
A
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